The plants flower in three distinct colours: white, yellow, and red. Cladodes that are 1–2 years old produce flowers, with the fruit's colours ranging from pale green to deep red. It has a water-repellent and sun-reflecting waxy epidermis. ficus-indica can grow up to 5 m in height, with thick, succulent, and oblong to spatulate stems called cladodes. They have developed a number of adaptations to dry conditions, notably succulence. As Opuntia species grow in semiarid environments, the main limiting factor in their environment is water. ficus-indica is polyploid, hermaphroditic, and autogamous. ficus-indica is likely to have been in Mexico because its close genetic relatives are found in central Mexico. Because Opuntia species hybridize easily, the wild origin of O. ficus-indica, as the most widespread of the long-domesticated cactuses, is as economically important as maize and blue agave in Mexico. Cacti are good crops for dry areas because they convert water into biomass efficiently. It is grown primarily as a fruit crop, and also for the vegetable nopales and other uses. ficus-indica is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus. Opuntia ficus-indica, the Indian fig opuntia, fig opuntia, or prickly pear, is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world.
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